��ɫ

Bias, prejudice and racial stereotyping explain why many Black girls encounter negative expectations of their behavior. Educators’ attitudes can stand in the way of students’ academic achievement.

• that Black students are often viewed as being loud or angry. These perceptions  and may even .
• Research has identified a pattern of so-called “ as “contributing to a false narrative that Black youths’ transgressions are intentional and malicious, instead of as the result of immature childhood decision-making.” are viewed “as less innocent and more adult-like than white girls of the same age, especially between 5–14 years old.” When compared with white girls, Black girls were perceived as needing less nurturing, protection, support and comfort; being more independent; and knowing more about adult topics, including sex.
• Black boys from lower-income families of poverty and racism than girls. in lower-income neighborhoods are to that doing well in school is not manly or masculine.
• Students of color are disproportionately disciplined in schools, with that children of color are generally viewed more harshly than their white peers. Participants in one study routinely judged Black boys to be older and more responsible for their actions than their white counterpart.